India Polity-GK questions and answers

India Polity GK Articles

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                   Today i'm sharing an article about Indian Polity. Read it,and prepare your own note with points,and also prepare well for your upcoming competitive exams like UPSC , PSC, SSC, IBPS..etc. Do well dears ,all the best.

Indian Constitution

• Demand for a constituent assembly composed of the people of India officially asserted by the congress for the first time in 1935.
• The election for Indian constitution assembly held in 1946 according to the cabinet mission plan
• The first session of the assembly was held in New Delhi on December 9,1946.
• Sachidanand Sinha was elected provisional chairman of the session.
• On December 11,1946,Dr. Rajendra prasad was elected as the permanent chairman of the constituent assembly.
• The constitution was framed by the constituent assembly of India ,set-up in december 1946,in accordance with the cabinet mission plan,under the chairmanship of Sachidanand Sinha,initially.
• The total membership of constituent assembly was 299,when 70 were representatives from the Indian states and others from British India.
• The chairman of the drafting committee was 299, when 70 were representatives from the Indian states and others from British India.
• The chairman of the Drafting committee was Dr. B.R Ambedkar,also called the father of the constitution.
• The constitution,adopted on 8th November,1949,contained 395 Articles and schedules.
• The constitution was delayed till 26th January because,in 1929,on this day Indian national congress demanded poorna swaraj in Lahore Session under JL Nehru.
• Indian constitution is a comprehensive document and it is the lengthiest written constitution in the world.

The Preamble

• The Preamble of the constitution : "we the people of India,having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a sovereign,socialist,secular democratic republic and to secure to all its citizen:

Justice, Social,economic and political;

Liberty of thought,expression,belief,faith and worship;

Equality of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all;

Fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation;

In our constitution assembly,this twenty-sixth day of November 1949,do hereby adopt,enact and give to ourselves this constitution"

Main Features -

1. It is perhaps the bulkiest written constitution.
2. It combines rigidity with flexibility.
3. Envisages parliamentary system of government,both at the center and the states,real executive,power with the council of ministers.
4. It provides a federal system of government with a unity bias.
5. It declares India a secular state.
6. An elaborate list of fundamental rights and duties is given in the constitution.
7. It lays down directive principles of state policy.It provides for single citizenship.
8. It makes special provision for the protection of backward classes.
9. It grants rights to vote to all adults above the age of 18 years without any distinction.

Important Articles

Part 1- (Union and its territories)

(Article 1-4)

• The constitution says,"India,that is Bharat,shall be a Union states".
• Parliament has the power to create any state,reduce it,change the name of boundaries of any state.

Part 2- (Citizenship)

(Article 5-11)

• The constitution provides for a single citizenship.
• Indian citizenship can be acquire :

1. by birth
2. by descent
3. by registration
4. by naturalisation
5. by incorporation of territory

• Indian citizenship can be lost by:

1. renunciation
2. termination- it takes place if a citizen of India voluntary accquires the citizenship of another country; and
3. deprivation - if the government terminates the citizenship.

Part 3- (Fundamental rights)

(Article 12-35)

• Following fundamental rights are enjoyed by every Indian citizen,irrespective of caste,color,creed and sex:

1. Right to equality: No special privileges,no distinction on grounds of religion,caste,creed and sex.
2. Right to freedom:The right to freedom of expression and speech,the right to choose one's own profession,the right to reside in any part of the Indian union.
3. Right to freedom to religion:Except when it is in the interest of public order,morality,health or other conditions,everybody has the right to profess,practice and propagate his religion freely.
4. Cultural and educational rights:The constitution provides that every community can run its own institutions to preserve its own culture and language.
5. Right against exploitation:Traffic in human beings and forced labour and the employment of children under 14 years in factories or mines,are punishable offences.
6. Rights to constitutional remedies: When a citizen finds that any of his fundamental rights has been encroached upon,he can move the supreme court,which has been empowered to safeguard the fundamental rights of a citizen(Article 32)

Part 4- (Directive Principles of State Policy)

(Article 36-51)

• Directive principles are not enforceable through courts.Main aim of directive principles is to provide social and economic base of a genuine democracy.

Some Important Directive Principles :

• Provisions for adequate means of livelihood for all citizens (Article 39)
• Right to work (Article 41)
• Right to human condition of work and maternity relief (Article 42)
• Right to living wage and condition of work ensuring decent standard of life of worker (Article 43)
• Common civil code (Article 44)
• Prohibit consumption of liquor (Article 47)
• Prevent slaughter of useful cattle (Article 48)
• Organize panchayati Raj (Article 40)
• Separate the judiciary from the executive (Article 50)
• Protect and maintain places of historic monuments (Article 49)
• International peace (Article 51)

Part 4 A- (Fundamental duties)

(Article 51 A)

• The fundamental duties for the Indian citizens have been incorporated in the constitution through the constitution (42nd) amendment Act, 1976. These duties are:

1. To abide by the constitution and respect its ideals and institutions,the national flag and the national anthem;
2. to cherish and follow the noble deeds which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
3. To  uphold and protect the sovereignty,unity and integrity of India;
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people transcending religious, regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
7. To protect and improve natural environment including forests,lakes,rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures;
8. To develop the scientific temper,humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.
11. Who is parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or,as the case may be,ward between age of six and fourteen years.

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India Polity-GK questions and answers