GK Questions and answers: Biology

GK Article mode Botany

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1. Nelumbonucifere is the scientific name of:
A. Baniyan tree
B. Tulasi
C. Lotus
D. Marigold
Ans : C. Lotus

2. Which of the following is a parasitic plant?
A. Drosera
B. Nepenthes
C. Cuscuta
D. Utricularia
Ans : C. Cuscuta

3. The element present in the chlorophyll molecule:
A. Mn
B. Cl
C. Mg
D. Zn
Ans : C. Mg

4. The scientific name of plant "Kanikkonna".
A. Phyllanthus Emblica
B. Cassia Fistula
C. Artocarpus Heterophylla
D. Musa Paradiciaca
Ans : B. Cassia Fistula

5. The smallest flowering plant:
A. Wolffia
B. Eichornia
C. Centella
D. Nelumbium
Ans : A. Wolffia

6. Nitrogen is available for plants in the form of:
A. Nitrogen gas
B. Nitrogen dioxide
C. Nitrate
D. Nitric acid
Ans : C. Nitrate

7. Photosynthesis takes faster in the color of:
A. Yellow light
B. Green light
C. White light
D. Darkness
Ans : C. White light

8. Potato is which part of the plant?
A. Root
B. Stem
C. Tuber
D. Mesocarp
Ans : C. Tuber

9. The plant hormones product at the shoot tip cells to grow longer is:
A. Gibberellin
B. Cytolumin
C. Auxin
D. None
Ans : C. Auxin

10. Parallel venation in leaves is a characteristic feature of:
A. Dicotyledons plants
B. Monocotyledons plants
C. Gymnosperm
D. Algae
Ans : B. Monocotyledons plants

BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY

(a) Anthropology : Deals with the scientific study of man and the mankind.
(b) Agronomy : Deals with the management of farms and science of crop production.
(c) Apiculture : Deals with the process of bee keeping for commercial purposes.
(d) Entomology : Deals with the structure,habits and classification of insects.
(e) Eugenics : Deals with improving the human race.
(f) Pathology : Deals with the nature of disease,their causes,symptoms,effects,their cure and control.
(g) Physiotherapy : Deals with the treatment of diseases,body weakness or defects with the help of massage and exercise etc.
(h) Sericulture : Deals with the production of raw silk from silkworm.
(i) Pharmacology : Deals with the knowledge and manufacture of drugs.
(j) Occupational therapy : Deals with treating the physically handicapped or injured persons through exercise etc.
(k) Psychology : Deals with the study of human mind,its behavior and mental qualities.
(l) DNA finger printing : Technique to help identify a person on the basis of genes.

ANIMALS/PLANTS

The organisms that closely resemble one another are placed in one group,the groups which have similarities are combined together into larger groups,and these into still larger ones.The most inclusive category is kingdom.Other major categories,in descending order are : phylum, class,order,family,genus,and species.Man belongs to animal kingdom,chordate division or phylum,mammalia class,primates order,hominid family,homo genus and sapiens species.

CELL THEORY

Cell is the basic unit of structure of all living organisms.According to the cell theory,all organism are composed of cells and cell products and growth and development results from the division and differentiation of cells.
Cells membrane surrounds all living cells.
Nucleus is the most important cell organelle which controls and coordinates all cell activities and also concerned with the transmission of heredity characters.
Mitochondria,ribosomes,Iysosomes and dictyosomes are present in plant and animal cells.
Only plant cells have cell wall,chloroplast and vacuole.
Viruses constitute a difficulty since in many they are intermediate between living and dead matter.
The cell is said to be made up of a substance called protoplasm which has two main constituents cytoplasm and nucleus,and is bounded by a cell membrane on outside.
Cells take up the raw materials for metabolism through the cell membrane from extracellular fluid surrounding them.
Cytoplasm inside is responsible for maintaining the internal distribution of organelles and also for free cell movements.
Mitochondria inside provides energy for reactions inside the cell.Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins.
The endoplasmic reticulum helps in addition of other sugar units to proteins and their transportation to other parts of the cell.

FOOD

It is a nutritive substance taken by an organism for growth,work,repair and maintaining life processes.It provides energy to do work and maintain body heat,provides materials for the growth of the body,makes necessary materials for reproduction and provides materials for the repair of damaged cells and tissues of our body.
Carbohydrates: For a normal person,400 to 500 gms of carbohydrates are required daily but for sports persons,growing children and nursing mothers,it is on higher side.
Proteins : They are complex organic compounds made up of carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen.The building blocks of protein are amino acids and there are large number of amino acids.
Proteins are essential for the growth of children and teenagers,and for maintenance and making good the wear and tear of the body tissues in adults.
An adult needs about 1 gm of protein per kg of body weight.
Fats : They are esters of long chain fatty acids and an alcohol called glycerol.Fats also contain atoms of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.
The main function of fats in the body is to provide a steady source of energy and for this purpose,they are deposited within the body.
One gm of fat gives 37 kilo joules of energy which is more than double of that given by carbohydrates.
Fats,the richest source of energy to our body,can be stored in the body for subsequent use.Fats,soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water,also supply fat-soluble vitamins to our body.
Minerals : Some of the important minerals needed by our body are - iron,iodine,calcium,phosphorus,sodium,potassium,zinc,copper,magnesium,chloride,fluoride and sulphur.
We get most of the minerals in combined from plant sources.Deficiency of these minerals causes many diseases.
Energy Requirements : The energy requirements of a body varies according to age,sex,lifestyle,occupation,climate and special situations like pregnancy and lactation.
Vitamins : They act as catalysts in certain chemical reactions of metabolism in our body.
They don't provide energy to our body nor from body tissues.
More than 15 types of vitamins are known and only 2 vitamins- D and K can be formed in our body.
Roughage : Though it does not provide any energy to the body,yet keeps the digestive system in order,by helping in retaining constitution.
The main source of roughage are salads,cabbage,corn cob,porridge,vegetables and fruits with stems.

DISEASES

Communicable diseases :

They are the diseases which can be transmitted from reservoirs of infection or infected person to the healthy but susceptible persons.
The disease causing agent or the pathogen can be transmitted directly or indirectly.

Deficiency diseases :

These occur due to deficiency of some nutrients in the diet or some hormone due to hypo activity or damage to endocrine glands.

Allergic disease :

In these diseases,body becomes hypersensitive to some foreign agents,allergens,which cause inflammation when come in contact with the body or enter inside the body.
Foreign agents can be dust,pollens,certain-foods,serum,certain drugs or fabrics.
The unfavorable response of the body to allergens is called allergic reaction.Asthma and hay fever are allergic diseases.

Bacterial diseases :

Bacteria are minute organisms which are known to cause a number of diseases: Tuberculosis,diphtheria,cholera,leprosy,whopping cough,tetanus,typhoid,plague,pneumonia.
Viral diseases are chicken-pox,small pox,poliomyelitis,measles,mumps,rabies,influenza etc.

Diseases caused by protozoa :

Amoebas (Amoebic dysentery),Malaria,Kala-azar,Trypanosomiasis and Giardiasis are main diseases caused by protozoans.
Malaria is a parasitic infection.

PARTS OF PLANTS

ROOTS

Root is an underground cylindrical part of the plant which develops from radicle and grows vertically down into the soil.
The primary functions of the root is to fix the plant firmly with the soil and to absorb water and mineral nutrients.
In some plants,roots help in synthesis of food,respiration,storing food, helping the weak stem climb and vegetative reproduction.
Nodulated roots of gram,groundnut,Beans,etc.have nitrogen fixing bacteria.

STEM

Stem is the main axis of plants.it develops from plumule of embryo,grows in the upward direction,towards the sun.
Its main function is to conduct water,mineral and food material and food material,to produce and support of leaves and reproductive structure.

LEAF

Leaves are the food manufacturing organs of the plant.
Green leaves contain chlorophyll which is responsible for manufacturing food.
Loss of water takes place from leaf surface,called transpiration,which creates tension needed for ascent of food,water and nutrients.
Through leaves exchange of gases between the environment and the plant takes place.
In some plants,leaves store food and water,protect from grazing animals,help in vegetative reproduction,help in climbing the plants with weak stem.

Photosynthesis

It is the only process on earth by which solar energy is trapped by autotrophic organisms and converted into food.
Inorganic compounds carbon dioxide and water form carbohydrates in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight with liberation of oxygen.

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