Indian Geography GK questions and answers

Indian Geography

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THE GREAT MOUNTAIN OF NORTH

The main mountain of north is the Himalaya.It is about 2400 km long and covers Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh
Himalaya consists three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent.They are - Himadri or Inner Himalaya or greater Himalaya, Himachal or lesser Himalaya , Siwaliks or outer Himalaya.

RANGES - IMPORTANT POINTS

Himadri

It is the northern most range
The average height of this range is 6000 metre and average width is 120 km.It consists most of the highest peaks such as - Mt. Everest, Nanga Parbat, Kanchenjunga.
Ganges and Yamuna is originated from this range.

Himachal

This range lies between the Himadri and Siwalik range.
The average height of this range is 4000 metre and average width is 60-80 km.
Some of the important ranges in this are - Dhaula Dhar,Pir Panjal, Mahabharata.
Many famous hill stations are located in this range,such as - Shimla,Mussorie,Nantal etc.

Siwaliks

It is the outer most range
The average height of this range is 1000- 1500 metre and average width is 10-50 km.
The valleys which lies between the Himachal and Siwalik are called Duns.

NORTHERN PLAIN

Northern plain is located between the great northern mountain and peninsular plateau.
This plain is formed by the three major rivers-Ganges,Indus,Brahmaputra and their tributary rivers.
This plain covers the area of Indian states Punjab,Uttar pradesh, Bihar,Haryana,West Bengal,Assam.
As the plain is formed by the deposition of rivers,it is very fertile and source of major food grains in India.
Northern plain is divided into three sections - Punjab plains,Ganges plains,Brahmaputra plains.

PLAINS - IMPORTANT POINTS

Punjab Plain

This plain is formed by the river Indus and its five tributaries - Jhelum,Chenab,Ravi,Sutlej and Beas. That why this plain is also reffered as Land of five rivers
Indian state Punjab and Haryana comes under this plain.Larger part of this is in Pakistan
Doab's are the features of this plain.Doab's are the land between two rivers.

Ganges Plain

This plain is formed by the river Ganges and its tributaries.
Uttar pradesh,Delhi,Bihar,Haryana,West Bengal lies in this plain.
This is the largest part of great Indian Plain.

Brahmaputra Plain

This plain is build by Brahmaputra and its tributaries.
This plain is also known as Assam plain as most of its part is in Assam.
On the basis of physical features,the northern plain is divided into following parts from north to south - Bharbar region,Terai Region,Bangar region,Kadar region.

REGIONS - IMPORTANT POINTS

Bhabar

This region lies in the foothills of Himalaya.
It is 8-16 km wide.
This region contains stones and pebbles mostly.
River speed is very fast in this region.

Terai

This region lies south of Bhabar and is 15 - 30 km wide.
This region is covered by thick forest.
This region is good for cultivation.

Banger

It lies south of Terai.It is higher part of the plain.
This region is less fertile as it is made of old alluvium and coarser sediments.

Khadar

It lies south of Bangar and it is the lower part of plain.
This is fertile land and it is made of newer alluvium.
This region is very prone to floods.

PENINSULAR PLATEAU

It lies to the south of northern plain.
It's shape is almost similar to a triangle whose base lies to the southern edge of the northern plain and kanyakumari is the apex.
The average height of this plateau is 600-900 meter. The highest peak of the peninsular India is Anamudi (2695 metre)of kerala.
Rounded hills and shallow valleys are the physical features of this land.
It is one of the oldest land of earth and formed from the Gondwana land.
Peninsular plateau can be divided into two sections - 1) Central highland and 2) Deccan plateau.

Central Highland

Central highland is situated to the north of Narmada river
This plateau consists Malwa Plateau,Chotangpur Plateau,Meghalaya plateaue,Vidhya range,Satpura range,Aravali range.
The highest peak is Gurusikhar(1722m)

Deccan Plateau

Deccan plateau is bounded by the Satpura range in north,eastern ghats in east and western ghats in west.
The rivers of Deccan plateau (Kaveri,Godavari,Krishna)flows from west to east.
Deccan plateau consist Andhra plateau,Karnataka plateau,Maharashtra plateau.

THAR DESERT

India's only desert is the Thar desert.Larger part of this desert lies in the Indian state Rajasthan. Some portion of this desert is spread into Gujarat,Haryana,Punjab, and Pakistan.
Luni is the only river which flows this land.
It is also known as the Great Indian desert or Marusthali.
Thar receives only 150mm rainfall in a year.The temperature rises to 49 degree in summer and in the winter it falls to zero degree sometimes.
Great Rann of Kuchchh falls into this desert.It is a salt marsh located in Kutch,Gujarat.

The Coastal Plains

Coastal plains of India are situated along the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.

Coastal plains are divided into-Eastern Coastal plain and western coastal plain.

COASTAL PLAINS-IMPORTANT POINTS

Eastern Coastal Plain

It lies along the Bay of Bengal.
It is about 1100 Km long.
It covers the Indian states West Bengal,Odis ha,Andhra pradesh,Tamil Nadu.
Eastern coast is divided into-Northern circus which lies between Krishna and Mahanadi rivers(west Bengal,Odisha) and Coromandal coast which lies between Krishna and Kaveri river(Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu).
Main rivers are- Mahanadi,Godavari,Kaveri,Krishna.

Western Coastal Plain

It lies along the Arabian sea.
It is about 1400 Km long.
It Covers the Indian states-Gujarat,Maharashtra,Karnataka,Goa,Kerala.
It is divided into four parts - Konken coast (Mumbai,Goa) ,Kannada plain (Karnataka). Malabar coast (Kerala) and Coast of Gujarat (Gujarat).
Main rivers are - Tapi, Narmada , Mandovi.

ISLANDS

India has two groups of Islands - Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep.

Important Points

Andaman and Nicobar

It is located in the Bay of Bengal.
It is about 1255 Km of south from Kolkata.
It is divided into Andaman Islands (North) and Nicobar Islands (South).
India's only active volcano is the Barren Island of Andaman.Another famous volcanic Island is Narcondam.

Lakshadweep